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A sample of 240 managed portfolios has a mean annual return of 0.11 and a standard deviation of returns of 0.23. The standard error of the sample mean is closest to:

A. 0.01485.

B. 0.00096.

C. 0.00710.

解析:選A。樣本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤 = 總體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 / 樣本量的平方根 = 0.23 / (240)^0.5 = 0.01485

A fund manager would like to estimate the probability of a daily loss higher than 5% on the fund he manages. He decides to use a method that uses the relative frequency of occurrence based on historical data. The resulting probability is best described as a(n):


A. subjective probability.

B. a priori probability.

C. empirical probability.

解析:選C。要區(qū)分幾種概率的定義:

經(jīng)驗(yàn)概率(empirical probability):根據(jù)歷史數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)估計(jì)

先驗(yàn)概率(priori probability):通過(guò)對(duì)問(wèn)題的推理來(lái)推斷出概率

其中,經(jīng)驗(yàn)概率與先驗(yàn)概率屬于客觀概率(objective probabilities)

主觀概率(subjective probability):基于個(gè)人或主觀判斷

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