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Which of the following is not usually used to provide credit support in a securitization?

A) Eliminating first loss positions

B) Creating subordinated tranches

C) Generating excess spread

D) Overcollateralization

答案：A

解析：First loss positions provide credit support in a securitization. Eliminating first loss positions would remove credit support.

The dark side of retail credit risk is perpetuated by all of the following factors except:

A) capital set aside to protect a bank in the event of default.

B) process flaws resulting in high risk applicants receiving credit.

C) new products which do not have sufficient historical loss data.

D) a social acceptance of bankruptcy and borrowers "walking away“ from their obligations.

FRM通 關(guān)備考禮包

答案：A

解析：Capital must be set aside to protect banks in the event of default, but this is a response to the dark side of retail credit risk rather than a perpetuating factor.

A process flaw which grants credit to high risk individuals, a new product which doesn’t have historical loss data, and the social “acceptance”of failing to meet debt payments are all considered perpetuating factors of retail credit risk.

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